Publications

Published or in press

Journal articles
Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (in press).  Same-different discrimination: The keel and backbone of thought and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes.

Stahlman, W. D., & Young, M.E., Blaisdell, A. (submitted). Response variability in pigeons in a Pavlovian task. Learning and Behavior.

Beckmann, J.S., & Young, M.E. (2009).  The effects of stimulus dynamics on temporal discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 525-553. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Sutherland, S. (2009). The spatiotemporal distinctiveness of direct causation.  Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16, 729-735. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Nguyen, N. (2009).  The problem of delayed causation in a video game: Constant, varied, and filled delays.  Learning and Motivation, 40, 298-312. Reprint.

Young, M.E., Clark, M.H, Goffus, A., Hoane, M.R. (2009). Mixed effects modeling of Morris water maze data: Advantages and cautionary notes. Learning and Motivation, 40, 160-177. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Racey, D. (2009).  Judgments of creativity as a function of visual stimulus variability. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 27, 91-109. Preprint.

Young, M.E. (2008).  Nonlinear judgment analysis: Comparing policy use by those who draft and those who coach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 760-774. Reprint.

Lazareva, O.F., Miner, M., Wasserman, E.A., and Young, M.E. (2008).  Multiple-pair training enhances transposition in pigeons.  Learning and Behavior, 36, 174-187.

Falmier, O., & Young, M.E. (2008).  The impact of perceived animacy on causal judgments. American Journal of Psychology, 121, 473-500. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Falmier, O. (2008).  Launching at a distance: The effect of spatial markers. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1356-1370. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Falmier, O. (2008).  Color change as a causal agent: Revisited.  American Journal of Psychology, 121, 129-157. Preprint.

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Ellefson, M.R. (2007).  A theory of variability discrimination.  Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 805-822. Reprint.

Beckmann, J.S., & Young, M.E. (2007).  The feature positive effect in the face of variability:  Novelty as a feature. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 72-77. Reprint.

Castro, L., Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2006).  Effects of number of items and visual display variability on same-different discrimination behavior.   Memory and Cognition, 34, 1689-1703.

Peissig, J.J., Kirkpatrick, K., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (2006). The effects of varying stimulus size on object recognition in pigeons.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 419-430.

Young, M.E., Beckmann, J.S., & Wasserman, E.A. (2006).  The pigeon’s perception of Michotte’s launching effect.  Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 86, 223-237. Reprint.

Lazareva, O., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2005).  Transposition in pigeons: Reassessing Spence (1937) with multiple discrimination training.  Learning and Behavior, 33, 22-46.

Peissig, J.J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A. & Biederman, I. (2005).  The role of edges in object recognition by pigeons.  Perception, 34, 1353-1374.

Young, M.E. , Rogers, E.T., & Beckmann, J.S. (2005). Causal impressions: Predicting when, not just whether.   Memory and Cognition, 33, 320-331. Reprint.

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Cook. R. (2004).  Variability discrimination in humans and animals:  Implications for adaptive action.   American Psychologist, 59, 869–878.

Young, M.E. (2004).   The short- and long-term consequences of believing an illusion.   Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 27, 677-678.  

Young, M.E., & Ellefson, M.R. (2003). The joint contributions of shape and color to variability discrimination. Learning and Motivation, 34, 52-67.

Young, M.E. , Ellefson, M.R., & Wasserman, E.A. (2003).   Toward a theory of variability discrimination: Finding differences.   Invited paper for a special issue of Behavioural Processes, 62, 145-155.

Young, M.E. , & Wasserman, E.A. (2002).   The pigeon's discrimination of visual entropy: A logarithmic function.   Animal Learning and Behavior, 30, 306-314 .

DiPietro, N.T., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2002). The effects of occlusion on pigeons' visual object recognition. Perception, 31, 1299-1312.

Peissig, J.J., Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Biederman, I. (2002). Learning to recognize an object from multiple views in one dimension enhances visual recognition at novel views in an orthogonal dimension. Vision Research 42, 2051-2062.

Wasserman, E.A., Frank, A.J., & Young, M.E. (2002). Stimulus control by same versus different relations among multiple visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28, 347-357.

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Peissig, J.J. (2002). Brief presentations are sufficient for pigeons to discriminate arrays of same and different stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 78, 365-373.

Windschitl, P. D., Young, M. E., & Jenson, M. (2002). Likelihood judgment based on previously observed outcomes: The alternative outcomes effect in a learning paradigm. Memory and Cognition, 30, 469-477.

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2002). Limited attention and cue order consistency affect predictive learning: A test of two configural models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 484-496. Reprint.

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2002). Detecting variety: What's so special about uniformity? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.,131, 131-143.

Fagot, J., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2001). Discriminating the relation between relations: The role of entropy in abstract conceptualization by baboons and humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27, 316-328.

Gottselig, J.M., Wasserman, E.A., & Young, M.E. (2001). Attentional tradeoffs in complex stimulus discrimination in the pigeon. Learning and Motivation, 32, 240-253.

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Fagot, J. (2001). Effects of number of items on the baboon's discrimination of same from different visual displays. Animal Cognition, 4, 163-170.

Wasserman, E.A., Fagot, J., & Young, M.E. (2001). Same-different conceptualization by baboons (Papio papio): The role of entropy. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 42-52.

Windschitl, P. D., & Young, M. E. (2001). The influence of a comparison heuristic for judging likelihood: The alternative-outcomes effect. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85, 109-134. Abstract

Young, M. E., Peissig, J. M., Wasserman, E. A., & Biederman, I. (2001). Discrimination of geons by pigeons: The effect of variation in surface depiction. Animal Learning and Behavior, 29. Abstract

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2001). Entropy and variability discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 278-293. Abstract

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2001). Evidence for a conceptual account of same-different discrimination learning in the pigeon. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 677-684. Abstract.

Peissig, J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (2000). Seeing things from a different angle: The pigeon's recognition of single geons rotated in depth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 115-132. Abstract

Wasserman, E.A., Young, M.E., & Nolan, B. (2000). Display variability and spatial organization as contributors to the pigeon's discrimination of complex visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 133-143. Abstract

Young, M.E., Johnson, J.L., & Wasserman, E.A. (2000). Serial causation: Occasion setting in a causal induction task. Memory and Cognition, 28, 1213-1230. Abstract

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., Johnson, J.L., & Jones, F.L. (2000). Positive and negative patterning in human causal learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53B, 121-138. Abstract

Peissig, J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (1999). The pigeon's perception of depth-rotated shapes. [Invited Paper]. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive (Current Psychology of Cognition), 18, 657-690.

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., Hilfers, M.A., & Dalrymple, R.M. (1999). The pigeon's variability discrimination using lists of successively presented visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 475-490. Abstract

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A. & Dalrymple, R.M. (1997). Memory-based same-different conceptualization by pigeons. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 552-558. Abstract

Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Garner, K.L. (1997). Effects of number of display items on the pigeon's discrimination of same from different visual displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 491-501. Abstract

Young, M.E. & Wasserman, E.A. (1997). Entropy detection by pigeons: Response to mixed visual displays after same-different discrimination training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 157-170. Abstract

Young, M.E. (1995). On the origin of personal causal theories. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 83-104. Reprint

Book chapters and other
Fagot, J., Wasserman, E., & Young, M. (2004).   Categorisation d'objets visuals et concepts relationnels chez l'animal [Categorization of visual objects and relational concepts by animals].   In J. Vauclair & M. Kreutzer (Eds.), L'ethologie cognitive [Cognitive ethology] (pp. 117-136).   Paris, Edition de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme.

van den Broek, P., Young, M.E. , Tzeng, Y., & Linderholm, T. (2004).   The Landscape model of reading: Inferences and the on-line construction of a memory representation.   In R. B. Ruddell & N.J. Unrau (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (pp. xx-xx). Newark, DE:   International Reading Association.

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2004). Theories of learning. In K. Lamberts & R. Goldstone (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition (pp. 161-182). Sage Publications.

Schlesinger, M., & Young, M.E. (2003). Examining the role of prediction in infants. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.

Young, M. E., & Wasserman, E. A. (2003). Visual variability discrimination. In S. A. Soraci & K. Murata-Soraci (Eds.), Perspectives on fundamental processes in intellectual functioning: Visual information processing (pp. 171-197). New York: Elsevier/Praeger. Abstract

Young, M.E., & Wasserman, E.A. (2001). Stimulus control in complex arrays. In R. G. Cook (Ed.), Avian Visual Cognition [On-line]. Available: http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc. Abstract

Peissig, J., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (2000). The pigeon's perception of depth-rotated shapes. Picture Perception in Animals. East Sussex, England: Psychology Press Ltd.

van den Broek, P., Young, M.E., Tzeng, Y., & Linderholm, T. (1999). The landscape model of reading: Inferences and the on-line construction of a memory representation. In H. van Oostendorp & S. Goldman (Eds.), The construction of mental representations during reading. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Young, M.E. (1999). Setting the occasion for informative research [Review of the book Occasion setting: Associative learning and cognition in animals]. Contemporary Psychology, 44, 232-233.

Young, M.E. (1997). Implicit processes in the development of causal knowledge: A connectionist model of the use of Humean cues. In P. van den Broek, P. Bauer, & T. Berg (Eds.), Developmental spans in event comprehension and representation: Bridging fictional and actual events (pp. 29-50). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Wasserman, E.A., Kao, S., Van Hamme, L., Katagiri, M., & Young, M.E. (1996). Causation and association. In D.R. Shanks, K.J. Holyoak, & D.L. Medin (Eds.), The Psychology of learning and motivation, Vol. 34: Causal learning (pp. 207-264). San Diego: Academic Press.

Young, M.E., & Bailey, T. M. (1994). Event prediction: Faster learning in a layered Hebbian network with memory. In M. C. Mozer, P. Smolensky, D. S. Touretzky, J. L. Elman & A. S. Weigend (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer School (pp. 245-252). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

Young, M. E,. & DeBauche, B. (1993). Causal mechanisms as temporal bridges in a connectionist model of causal attribution. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1092-1097). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

Young, M.E. (1992). A simple recurrent network model of serial conditioning: Implications for temporal event representation. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1164-1169). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Submitted or in preparation

Nguyen, N., & Young, M.E. (submitted). The effect of number of options on choices involving delayed causation.

Young, M.E., Webb, T.L., & Jacobs, E.A. (submitted). Deciding when to “cash in” when outcomes are continuously improving.

Young, M.E., Sutherland, S., Nguyen, N., & Cole, J. (in revision). Waiting to decide helps in the face of whether uncertainty but not when uncertainty.

Limongi, R., Habib, R., Young, M.E., & Reinke, K. (in revision). The periphrastic effect: An fMRI study of the linguistic-driven attentional control of causal judgment.

Racey, D.E., & Young, M.E. (in revision). Differences in sustained operant variability levels.

Young, M.E., Sutherland, S., & Cole, J. (in preparation). Sex differences in the effects of time pressure on causal decision making.

Young, M.E., & Cole, J. (in preparation). Continuous causation.

Peissig, J.J., Nagasaka, Y., Young, M.E., Wasserman, E.A., & Biederman, I. (in revision). Using the reassignment procedure to test object representation in pigeons.

Sutherland, S.C., Cole, J. J., & Young, M.E. (in preparation). Representative design versus systematic sampling of simple functions: A Monte Carlo simulation.

Racey, D.E., Young, M.E., Garlick, D., & Blaisdell, A. (in preparation). The human bandit task with a variable interval schedule.